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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Educational Science Planning Funding (BDAA2020029)
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Article History
Received: 20 September 2023
Accepted: 29 November 2023
First Online: 11 December 2023
Declarations
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: Ethics clearance for the study was obtained from each school’s School Oversight Board. The testing process was approved by the school leaders and science teachers, and the entire testing process was supervised by the teachers. All participants were informed of the purpose and procedure of the test and were told that their participation was voluntary and their anonymity would be guaranteed. The students have all consented to participate in the scientific literacy test.
: Lina Zhang and Hua Feng have no conflicts of interest; Xiufeng Liu is co-editor-in-chief of DISER.
