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Authors
Bowe, Kathleen A.
Altindis, Nigar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-0022
Bauer, Christopher F.
Aikens, Melissa L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2013427)
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 6 September 2025
First Online: 10 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: KAB has a PhD in Chemistry, specializing in Chemistry Education. NA has a PhD in Mathematics Education. CFB has a PhD in Chemistry, with a Chemistry Education focus on student attitude and content understanding. MLA has a PhD in Biology, with a Biology Education focus on quantitative biology skills.
