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Authors
Vera, Jayson L. de https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-6502
Castulo, Nilo Jayoma https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5631-7873
Sebial, Starr Clyde L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-7418
Aliazas, John Vincent C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-0869
Pelgone, Alfons Jayson O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6071
Gonong, Donna Marie D.M. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3621-9676
Pastor, Crist John M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-3068
Ramos-Butron, Benilda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-3473
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Philippine Normal University Research Ethics Committee (REC) under REC Code 2024–135, issued on May 15, 2024. All necessary documents, including the research proposal, informed consent forms, and data collection tools, were reviewed and validated prior to approval.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
