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Authors
Soeroso, Noni Novisari
Ritonga, Adewita
Tarigan, Setia Putra
Eyanoer, Putri Chairani
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi (097/E5/PG.02.00.PT/2022)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Declarations
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: This research has ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Sumatera Utara. It is registered under the number 1151/ KEPK/USU/2022.
: All participants gave their freely informed permission.
: The authors claim to have no conflicting interests.
