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Article History

Received: 16 October 2024

Accepted: 27 March 2026

First Online: 7 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinski. Ethics approval and consent is waived per the DUHS case report policy (below), but consent was obtained from the patient in this case.

: All the authors contributed to this work and have reviewed the final manuscript. All authors consent to publication of this work. No identifying patient information is present in this manuscript. The patient signed written institutional consent for publication of this case in a scientific journal and for presentation. Also, per the institution’s case report policy 4/4/2021: “Federal regulations (45CFR46.102 and 45CFR164.501) define research as a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge. The review of medical records for publication of a single case report or a case series involving data from two or three patients is not considered by the institutional IRB to be research involving human subjects, and therefore such a report of medical cases does not require IRB review and approval. This is because reporting such a small series of patients does not involve a systematic investigation, including defining a hypothesis that is then investigated prospectively and systematically, to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge. Thereby consent for participation and publication is waived.”

: The authors declare no competing interests.