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Authors
Afifi, Ahmed R. S. A.
Shebani, Suhair
Skinner, Gregory
Kalantre, Atul
Kantzis, Marinos
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 19 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved and registered on the University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL) Audit and Quality Improvement Programme (AQIP) system (reference number: 14534). The study involved retrospective review and analysis of anonymized data from standard clinical procedures. No additional interventions were performed for research purposes. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the relevant national guidelines and with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration (1975, as revised in 2013). According to institutional policy, formal individual consent was not required due to the retrospective design and use of anonymized data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
