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Article History

Received: 8 October 2025

Accepted: 27 October 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The following are some of the ethical research considerations in this study: After reviewing the study protocol and the acceptance letter from the Okasha Institute of Psychiatry’s ethical committee, the study had initially been authorized by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the faculty of medicine at Ain-Shams University on May 28, 2024, with reference number FMASU 373/2024. Second, the authors gained an agreement from the vice dean of student affairs for both the Faculty of Literature and the Faculty of Medicine at Ain Shams University. finally, all of the participants then gave their informed consent. The mother and child participants were informed of the study’s objectives by the researcher. The participants were free to leave the research at any moment or to continue participating. All participants’ information and identities in the study were kept confidential, and this research could be used for scientific publication without the disclosure of the participants’ personal identities. Participating mothers were allowed to choose to participate or not in the study and given the right to withdraw at any time without giving reasons, and this had no consequences on the service they received.

: the authors use and make available an institutional consent form.

: The authors declare no competing interests.