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Article History

Received: 2 November 2025

Accepted: 25 December 2025

First Online: 30 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela. Approval was granted under protocol IRB Nº: 2025-10-25. All patient and family member participants provided written informed consent after receiving a full explanation of study procedures, risks, and benefits. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and ensured confidentiality, voluntary participation, and the right to withdraw at any point without consequence.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.