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Authors
El Boukhari, Omar https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2199-4320
Benallel, Khadija https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8484-059X
Hanine, Ismail https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-188X
Otheman, Yassine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-454X
Ouaalaya, El Hassane https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6584-4632
Kadiri, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6571-8951
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: Before the empirical investigation, administrative authorizations from the regional health and social protection directorates were obtained. Also, the study protocol was submitted to the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mohamed V in Rabat. Its approval was obtained under number 61/25. Ethical rules were announced to participants. Field surveys were conducted only after obtaining prior agreement and free, informed consent from all participants, following a thorough explanation of the study’s subject and objectives. Participants were assured of anonymity and confidentiality through data coding practices; they retained the right to self-determination and could withdraw consent at any point during the study. Data entry was performed exclusively by researchers, with access to collected information strictly limited to the research team.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
