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Article History

Received: 27 April 2025

Accepted: 18 June 2025

First Online: 4 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Before proceeding with the study, the University of Nairobi/Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics and Research Committee reviewed and approved the study proposal (Approval No.: KNH-ERC//UA/372). To safeguard patient data privacy, the highest level of confidentiality was maintained. Anonymity was strictly adhered to ensuring that patients'names were not recorded; instead, only initials and a unique patient identification number were used for identification purposes. The data collected was used solely for the intended research purposes and was treated with the utmost care to protect patients'confidentiality. An informed consent waiver was obtained from the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective nature of the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.