Gupta, Rajat Das
Saha, Shuvajit
Rahman, Md Ataur
Addo, Prince NII Ossah
Kothadia, Rohan
Lahanas, Georgios Vasilios
Mazumder, Ananna
Gupta, Arpan Das
Apu, Ehsanul Hoque
Siddika, Nazeeba
Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 9 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The JPFHS 2023 protocol received approval from the ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB; aapproval number not available). For this secondary analysis, anonymized data were obtained from the DHS Program following the approval of a research proposal. Since the analysis utilized de-identified data, no additional ethical approval was necessary.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.