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Article History

Received: 13 September 2025

Accepted: 28 January 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with ethical principles for research involving human participants. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the National Health Research Ethics committee of Nigeria (NHREC), through Federal Ministry of Health and Rivers State Ministry of Health research ethics committee where the research was conducted. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation in the focus group discussions. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. The consent process included detailed information about the study purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, confidentiality measures, and data storage protocols. All participants confirmed their understanding and voluntary participation before data collection commenced.

: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants as part of the initial consent process. Participants were specifically informed that anonymised quotations from their contributions might be used in academic publications and presentations. All identifying information has been removed from transcripts and publications to maintain participant confidentiality. No individual person's data in identifiable form is presented in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.