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Authors
Selestine, Leonard
Mwanga, Ally. H.
Mchele, Godfrey
Kitua, Daniel W.
Bahati, Rickson G
Salim, Mohamed
Kaguo, Jenikalo
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Institutional Review Board (Reference No.: DA.282/298/01.C/1803; Ethical approval Number: MUHAS-REC-07-2023-1803). Additionally, authorization for data collection was obtained from the Research and Consultancy Unit of Muhimbili National Hospital (Reference No.: MNH/TRCU/Perm/2023/463). All ethical guidelines were rigorously followed throughout the study, carefully maintaining confidentiality, anonymity, and protecting participants’ privacy and personal information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
