Mina Fouad, Hanan
Mostafa, Fatma Alzahraa
Hussein Ahmed, Gehan
Abdelhamid Shalaby, Sherein
Gamal, Ahmed
Haroun, Dina
Al-Sadek Khalil, Ahmed
Afifi, Ahmed
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 20 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the Helwan University research ethics committee, and official approvals were obtained from the conduct site. Informed consent was obtained from the participants’ parents involved in the study. All methods were performed per the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Informed consent was obtained from the parents of the participants involved in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.