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Article History

Received: 17 January 2023

Accepted: 4 May 2023

First Online: 23 May 2023

Declarations

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: The study protocol complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment into the study. However, consent was only verbal, and all were informed that their echo-Doppler measures would be included in the research without any of their personal data or photographs. Written consent was not required, because all dilated cardiomyopathy patients included in this study were selected from those who were admitted for management in the Cardiology Department, Al-Zahraa University Hospital, and echo-Doppler examination was indicated for their clinical evaluation, moreover, it carries no possible risk. All participants of the control group were colleagues or employees in the Cardiology Department, Al-Zahraa University Hospital and all were cordially welcoming to share in this study. No personal data or photographs of any participant were included in this manuscript. None of the study participants was under 16 years old (age range of the patients’ group was 30 to 65 years, and that of the normal subjects was 40 to 64 years).

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: All authors declare no competing interests.