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Article History

Received: 17 July 2025

Accepted: 19 December 2025

First Online: 5 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

: Ethical approval was not required for this study. The research used a combination of physical phantom data and anonymized retrospective patient data, with all patient data fully de-identified in accordance with institutional and international ethical standards. At Mohammed First University, retrospective dosimetric studies based on fully anonymized data are exempt from formal ethical approval. Therefore, this study did not require review by the university’s scientific or ethics committee. All procedures were conducted in compliance with institutional guidelines and international standards of research ethics and data protection, including the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable. The study involved no prospective human participation, and all patient data used were anonymized and retrospective.

: Not applicable. No identifiable patient data are included in this study.