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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 7 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Wayne State University Institutional Review Board (IRB-23–02-5481) following Full Board review procedures. All study procedures will be conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All non-incarcerated participants will provide written informed consent prior to participation. For incarcerated individuals, the study received approval for a waiver of documentation of informed consent in accordance with 45 CFR 46.117(c). The research meets the federal criteria for this waiver, as the study poses no more than minimal risk to incarcerated participants, the waiver will not adversely affect the rights or welfare of participants, and written consent is not practicable in some instances due to correctional restrictions that prevent the sharing of electronic or paper consent forms. In such cases, the study team will obtain oral consent using an IRB-approved script. Participants will also be given options to protect their privacy during the consent discussion (e.g. ending the study visit or remaining silent if they choose not to participate). For incarcerated participants, the consent process will emphasize that involvement in the study will not affect access to services, conditions of confinement, or post-release opportunities. For all participants, the consent process will emphasize the voluntary nature of participation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.