Funding for this research was provided by:
Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation of Xiamen (XWZY-2023-0515)
Chronic Disease Management Research Project of National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center (GWJJMB202510010025)
National Social Science Fund of China (23BTY117)
Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (approval number: XMFHIIT-2023SL140). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.
: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.