Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFB2804702)
Natural Science Foundation of China (62550072)
Natural Science Foundation of China (62341508)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (25LN3201000)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (25JD1405500)
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LMS26F050018)
State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications (2025QZKF015)
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication (MES202611)
Research Funds of Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study (2023HIAS-Y001)
Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Revised: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.