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Article History

Received: 16 October 2025

Accepted: 25 January 2026

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The Research Ethics Committee of the University of Asia Pacific formally granted ethical clearance for this case–control study, under reference number UAP/REC/2025/104. In compliance with the Helsinki declaration, the study was carried out.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.

: All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. Informed consent for the publication is not applicable to this study.