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Article History

Received: 11 September 2024

Accepted: 22 March 2025

First Online: 17 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the study was not required for the following reasons: Ethical approval for personal data would not be required under the Data Protection Act in India. Research employing anonymous records and data sets that are publicly available, like those from the Office for National Statistics in India, where the required permissions have already been obtained and the data prevents the identification of particular persons.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.