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Article History

Received: 24 March 2024

Accepted: 16 April 2025

First Online: 20 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The following declaration were made to the Chief Executive Officers of the regulatory authorities which participated in the study: “I, Habibu SULUO, (Reg. No: PG201907947) of the Department of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Business Management, the Open University of Tanzania (OUT), declare that, I will maintain secrecy and confidentiality, and will not use any data and information obtained from your organization in the course of my research for any purpose other than for my academic endeavours.” In addition, the Open University of Tanzania (OUT)-Faculty of Business Management approved my research proposal on the ethics consideration. I should therefore state that: “Ethics consideration in this research was observed in compliance with the OUT-Research Ethics Guidelines, 2015. The main issues considered were avoiding data fabrication in surveys, data falsification in surveys and plagiarism. In addition, participation in this study was on voluntary basis and the questionnaires to all participants emphasized on confidentiality in the whole process including the use of data, information and personal opinions as provided.”

: “Not applicable” for this section.

: I do not have any financial and/or non-financial competing interests.