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Authors
Salem, Mohammed R. M.
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Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Declarations
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: This research was conducted in strict adherence to established ethical standards and received formal approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) under Reference No.: UKM PPI/111/8/JEP-2025-016. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously safeguarded, with no collection of personally identifiable data. The research was conducted in full compliance with UKM’s ethical standards and academic integrity principles, ensuring transparency, objectivity, and methodological rigour throughout data collection, analysis, and reporting, with findings responsibly interpreted to inform managerial and policy considerations concerning Generation Z employees in Malaysian SMEs.
: Not applicable.
