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Authors
Aboubakar Assidick, Taoussi
Mahamat Ali, Ali
Fréderic, Kossinda
Aboulbachar Ali, Yusra
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of N’Djamena (Ref. 374/PT/PM/MESRI/SG/UNDJ/SG/FSSH/2022). Written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants and from the parent or legal guardian of each child under 15 years of age.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
