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Authors
Zhang, Xu
He, Siyu
He, Peng
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 15 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University on February 14, 2025, and the number of the ethical committee approval was 2025K30-3. This retrospective study was conducted using anonymized medical records/data, with no individual patient identifiers. The requirement for informed consent was therefore waived, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines for retrospective studies.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
