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Authors
Zhang, Zhi-qiang
Li, Jing-yang
Wang, Hongyou
Fu, Chi-yi
Li, Ya-Lun
Guo, Qian
Bao, You-wei
Wu, Jun
Liao, Jun-chao
Song, Yu-Qi
Li, Dong-xu
Zhu, Xin-hua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060186)
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 11 July 2025
Declarations
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: The data for this study are based on aggregate statistical results published publicly available in the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). All data are available through the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx, ), the official platform of the Institute for Health Indicators and Evaluation (IHME). GHDx expressly states that the GBD data it provides is strictly anonymized aggregate data that does not contain any personal health information (PHI) or personally identifiable information (PII) and is freely available to all researchers upon registration. This study is exempt from ethical review as it only analyzes such publicly available, non-identifiable aggregate data and does not involve any new human experiments or individual privacy data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
