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Authors
Jin, Beining
Zhang,, Zhiyuan
Yan, Tiange
Yao, Ming
Wang, Chunxia
Wei, Yajun
Zhang, Xin
He, Rumei
Wang, Lanlan
Xi, Shihao
Zhang, Huan
Zhao, Xinyu
Zhang, Xingyuan
Wang, Xiaochun
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
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: UK Biobank has ethics approval from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (11/NW/0382). Appropriate informed consent was obtained from participants and ethical approval was covered by the UK Biobank. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under the project number 77195. Ethical approval for the data collection in CHARLS was granted by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The HRS has received approval from the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board (IRB Protocol: HUM00061128). All participants provided oral informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
