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Metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: paradoxical relationships between systemic inflammation, oxygenation, and lipid profiles with implications for one-year clinical outcomes

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-026-00644-x

Published Online: 2026-08-13

Published Print: 2026-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ali, Asmaa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-5085
Wu, Liang

Elfeky, Seham https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-8738
Moazen, Eman M.

Elshormilisy, Amr Aly https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-5691
Eissa, Abeer Mohamed

Abdelmoneam, Salwa Hussein

Elfeqy, Mohamed Elsaid Ali Hassan

Elsheikh, Mai S.

Ibrahim, Dalia Anas
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Article History

Received: 27 February 2026

Accepted: 8 August 2026

First Online: 13 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine (Reference No. 868/29-1-2025), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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