Funding for this research was provided by:
State Key Laboratory of Bridge Engineering Structural Dynamics (202204)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52108113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12032008)
Special Funding for Postdoctoral Research Projects of Chongqing (2022CQBSHTB2014)
Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Revised: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.