Wang, Zi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-8397
Wang, Yinan
Yuan, Ruosen
Ji, Qingqi
Li, Yanjie
Huo, Huanhuan
Zhou, Guo
Yan, Xiangming
Shen, Linghong
Cai, Zhaohua
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202363)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130012)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300489)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81830010)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82200512)
Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center Project (2022ZZ01008)
SINO-GERMAN Mobility Programme (M-0526)
the Shanghai Pujiang Program (23PJD084)
the Nurture projects for basic research of Shanghai Chest Hospital (2022YNJCQ03)
the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Grant at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (KYXJJQR202101)
Article History
Received: 20 April 2025
Revised: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
:
: All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Shanghai Chest Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Permit Number: KS23042).The study involving human participants was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Renji Hospital Ethics Committee, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval Number: LY2025-060-B). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.