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Authors
Ulecia-Morón, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1322-644X
Bris, Álvaro G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-3755
Inglada-Pérez, Lucía https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9814-4368
Callado, Luis F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-012X
Meana, J. Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-6714
Martín-Hernández, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-2604
MacDowell, Karina S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8895
Figuero, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-1416
Caso, Javier R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-749X
Leza, Juan C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-0094
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-109033RB-I00)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2020-113103RB-I00)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2022-137932NB-I00)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2023-146894NB-I00)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB/07/09/0026)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI24/01875)
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Revised: 30 June 2026
Accepted: 6 July 2026
First Online: 17 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Human brain samples were collected at autopsy in the Basque Institute of Legal Medicine (Bilbao, Spain), in accordance with the applicable Spanish legal framework for postmortem human tissue studies, including Royal Decree 1716/2011. Samples were stored in an authorized brain repository registered at the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Register C35). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Complutense University of Madrid (project’s reference PID2022-137932NB-I00). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the relevant ethical and legal requirements for research using postmortem human biological samples, and only anonymized, non-identifiable data were used for the analyses.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study was performed using anonymized postmortem human brain tissue and does not include identifiable individual data, images, or videos.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
