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Authors
Baz, Naila Mir
Wang, Jiahui
Zhao, Xulei
Maqbool, Asia
Gao, Caizhen
Wang, Pengfei
Chen, Haijiang
Cao, Hongbo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072549)
Hebei Province Outstanding Youth Fund (C2024204096)
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2024
Accepted: 27 June 2025
First Online: 4 January 2026
Declarations
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: The purpose, methods, and anonymity of the study were explained directly by one of the researchers and research assistants to the recruited nurses in writing and orally. Subsequently, the study included those who signed a consent form; all participants provided informed consent. The ethical review boards of the authors’ university and participating institutions (reference no. 19–65) approved the study, which was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Consent for publication was obtained from all participants when written informed consent was obtained.
: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Electric Works Company, Panasonic Corporation.
