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Authors
Setiawan, Adi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-542X
Parnaungan, Andri
Hasibuan, Zulfikar
Riskina, Shafira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-118X
Muhammad, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-5871
Anshar, Khairul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-1045
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate of Research and Community Service, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Indonesia (077/C3/DT.05.00/PL/2025, sub-contract number 0032/UN45.3.1/AL.04/VI/2025)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
