Patil, Kapil T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-8515
Nikalje, Aniruddha M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0967-4779
Bhave, Nikhil A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-6991
Article History
Received: 27 December 2025
Accepted: 26 April 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Declarations
:
: This research did not involve humans, animals, or biologically sensitive materials. Ethical clearance was therefore not required. All experimental activities were performed using mechanical prototypes, controlled environmental measurements, and complied with the general safety and ethical practices of laboratory-based engineering research.
: The authors declare that there are no known financial, institutional, or personal conflicts of interest that could have influenced the research outcomes, interpretation, or publication of this manuscript. The study was conducted purely for academic and scientific advancement of solar desalination technologies.