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Authors
Wang, Fang
Sang, Yahui
Guo, Jiaye
Fu, Yin
Zhang, Sumei
Li, Junqiang
Zhao, Jinfeng
Zhang, Longxian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research and Development Project of Henan (251111113300)
the National Pig Industry Technology System (CARS-35)
National Key Research and Development Plan Project (2019YFC1605700)
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Henan Agricultural University (Approval No. HNND2023031506) and was conducted in strict accordance with the approved protocols and relevant animal ethics guidelines. The trial took place on a commercial swine farm. Throughout the study, all possible measures were implemented to safeguard animal welfare. Prior to euthanasia, no animals exhibited signs of pain or suffering.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
