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Authors
Graziano, Francesca
Guglielmi, Angelo
Consonni, Michela
Ogliari, Giorgia
Younsi, Alexander
Valla, Margherita
Friz, Melisa Polo
Giussani, Carlo
Rebora, Paola
Galimberti, Stefania
Maas, Andrew
Citerio, Giuseppe
,
Åkerlund, Cecilia
Amrein, Krisztina
Andelic, Nada
Andreassen, Lasse
Anke, Audny
Antoni, Anna
Audibert, Gérard
Azouvi, Philippe
Azzolini, Maria Luisa
Bartels, Ronald
Barzó, Pál
Beauvais, Romuald
Beer, Ronny
Bellander, Bo-Michael
Belli, Antonio
Benali, Habib
Berardino, Maurizio
Beretta, Luigi
Blaabjerg, Morten
Bragge, Peter
Brazinova, Alexandra
Brinck, Vibeke
Brooker, Joanne
Brorsson, Camilla
Buki, Andras
Bullinger, Monika
Cabeleira, Manuel
Caccioppola, Alessio
Calappi, Emiliana
Calvi, Maria Rosa
Cameron, Peter
Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo
Carbonara, Marco
Cavallo, Simona
Chevallard, Giorgio
Chieregato, Arturo
Clusmann, Hans
Coburn, Mark
Coles, Jonathan
Cooper, Jamie D.
Correia, Marta
Čović, Amra
Curry, Nicola
Czeiter, Endre
Czosnyka, Marek
Fizelier, Claire Dahyot
Dark, Paul
Dawes, Helen
De Keyser, Véronique
Degos, Vincent
Corte, Francesco Della
Boogert, Hugo den
Depreitere, Bart
Đilvesi, Đula
Dixit, Abhishek
Donoghue, Emma
Dreier, Jens
Dulière, Guy Loup
Ercole, Ari
Esser, Patrick
Ezer, Erzsébet
Fabricius, Martin
Feigin, Valery L.
Foks, Kelly
Frisvold, Shirin
Furmanov, Alex
Gagliardo, Pablo
Galanaud, Damien
Gantner, Dashiell
Gao, Guoyi
George, Pradeep
Ghuysen, Alexandre
Giga, Lelde
Glocker, Ben
Golubovic, Jagoš
Gomez, Pedro A.
Gratz, Johannes
Gravesteijn, Benjamin
Grossi, Francesca
Gruen, Russell L.
Gupta, Deepak
Haagsma, Juanita A.
Haitsma, Iain
Helbok, Raimund
Helseth, Eirik
Horton, Lindsay
Huijben, Jilske
Hutchinson, Peter J.
Jacobs, Bram
Jankowski, Stefan
Jarrett, Mike
Jiang, Ji yao
Johnson, Faye
Jones, Kelly
Karan, Mladen
Kolias, Angelos G.
Kompanje, Erwin
Kondziella, Daniel
Kornaropoulos, Evgenios
Koskinen, Lars Owe
Kovács, Noémi
Kowark, Ana
Lagares, Alfonso
Lanyon, Linda
Laureys, Steven
Lecky, Fiona
Ledoux, Didier
Lefering, Rolf
Legrand, Valerie
Lejeune, Aurelie
Levi, Leon
Lightfoot, Roger
Lingsma, Hester
León, Ana M. Castaño
Maegele, Marc
Majdan, Marek
Manara, Alex
Manley, Geoffrey
Martino, Costanza
Maréchal, Hugues
Mattern, Julia
McMahon, Catherine
Melegh, Béla
Menon, David
Menovsky, Tomas
Mikolic, Ana
Misset, Benoit
Muraleedharan, Visakh
Murray, Lynnette
Negru, Ancuta
Nelson, David
Newcombe, Virginia
Nieboer, Daan
Nyirádi, József
Olubukola, Otesile
Oresic, Matej
Ortolano, Fabrizio
Palotie, Aarno
Parizel, Paul M.
Payen, Jean François
Perera, Natascha
Perlbarg, Vincent
Persona, Paolo
Peul, Wilco
Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna
Pirinen, Matti
Pisica, Dana
Ples, Horia
Polinder, Suzanne
Pomposo, Inigo
Posti, Jussi P.
Puybasset, Louis
Radoi, Andreea
Ragauskas, Arminas
Raj, Rahul
Rambadagalla, Malinka
Helmrich, Isabel Retel
Rhodes, Jonathan
Richardson, Sylvia
Richter, Sophie
Ripatti, Samuli
Rocka, Saulius
Roe, Cecilie
Roise, Olav
Rosand, Jonathan
Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V.
Rosenlund, Christina
Rosenthal, Guy
Rossaint, Rolf
Rossi, Sandra
Rusnák, Daniel Rueckert Martin
Sahuquillo, Juan
Sakowitz, Oliver
Porras, Renan Sanchez
Sandor, Janos
Schäfer, Nadine
Schmidt, Silke
Schoechl, Herbert
Schoonman, Guus
Schou, Rico Frederik
Schwendenwein, Elisabeth
Sewalt, Charlie
Singh, Ranjit D.
Skandsen, Toril
Smielewski, Peter
Sorinola, Abayomi
Stamatakis, Emmanuel
Stanworth, Simon
Stevens, Robert
Stewart, William
Steyerberg, Ewout W.
Stocchetti, Nino
Sundström, Nina
Takala, Riikka
Tamás, Viktória
Tamosuitis, Tomas
Taylor, Mark Steven
Thibaut, Aurore
Ao, Braden Te
Tenovuo, Olli
Theadom, Alice
Thomas, Matt
Tibboel, Dick
Timmers, Marjolein
Tolias, Christos
Trapani, Tony
Tudora, Cristina Maria
Unterberg, Andreas
Vajkoczy, Peter
Vallance, Shirley
Valeinis, Egils
Vámos, Zoltán
van der Jagt, Mathieu
Van der Steen, Gregory
van der Naalt, Joukje
van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M.
van Erp, Inge A. M.
van Essen, Thomas A.
Van Hecke, Wim
van Heugten, Caroline
van Veen, Ernest
Vyvere, Thijs Vande
van Wijk, Roel P. J.
Vargiolu, Alessia
Vega, Emmanuel
Velt, Kimberley
Verheyden, Jan
Vespa, Paul M.
Vik, Anne
Vilcinis, Rimantas
Volovici, Victor
von Steinbüchel, Nicole
Voormolen, Daphne
Vulekovic, Petar
Wang, Kevin K. W.
Whitehouse, Daniel
Wiegers, Eveline
Williams, Guy
Wilson, Lindsay
Winzeck, Stefan
Wolf, Stefan
Yang, Zhihui
Ylén, Peter
Zeiler, Frederick A.
Zelinkova, Veronika
Ziverte, Agate
Zoerle, Tommaso
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The CENTER-TBI study was performed according to the Helsinki Declaration and the International Conference on Harmonization for Good Clinical Practice. Since comatose patients could not provide informed consent during study recruitment, each center referred to local/national law on the lack of capacity. If the patients regained capacity at the follow-up visit, they had to either provide informed consent to use the acute and follow-up data or refuse to participate in the research. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committees of each participating center, and informed consent was obtained from all participants following local regulations ( ). For this sub-analysis, no further ethical approval was required.
: Written informed consent for the publication of these data has been previously obtained.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
