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Authors
Sezavar, Majid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-046X
Akhavan, Hosein https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-5013
Khademi, Gholamreza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4107-2057
Naseri, Maryam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8420-0485
Sadeghi, Tahereh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-2707
Kaveh, Atiyeh https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5046-2745
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code: IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1401.537). All procedures adhered to relevant guidelines and regulations, specifically the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from parents of all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Parents of the patients were clearly informed about the voluntary nature of their child's participation and their right to withdraw at any point. To maintain confidentiality and privacy, questionnaires were completed anonymously, using unique identifiers for each participant.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
