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Authors
Son, Kyongsuk
Tarao, Kentaroh
Daimon, Masao
Yoshii, Tomoaki
Morita, Yasushi
Miyata, Yuina
Nakagomi, Atsushi
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Article History
Received: 12 May 2026
Accepted: 21 August 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of Chiba University (approval number: 3296, M10778). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for anesthesia, including potential use of clinical data for research purposes. Participation was based on an opt-out process, approved by the institutional review board.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
