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Authors
Khan, Ahad Mahmud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4347-0825
Islam, Md Shafiqul https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6109-7717
Chowdhury, Nabidul Haque https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-1152
Ahmed, Salahuddin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6771-0638
Tabassum, Rezwana
Afrin, Sadia
Amin, Zannatul Ferdush
Haque, Kazi Sazzadul https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5914-198X
Rumi, Afroza Yeasmin
Rahman, Jawata
Bhuiyan, Rakib
Rashid, Rizouan Ur
Nahar, Kamrun
Simpson, Robynne
Ahmed, Ayaz
Rahman, Md Mozibur
Shi, Ting
Baqui, Abdullah H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-1983
Cunningham, Steve https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-251X
McCollum, Eric D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-5566
Campbell, Harry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-6262
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (16/136/109)
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2024
Accepted: 28 May 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
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: We obtained ethical approval from the National Research Ethics Committee of Bangladesh Medical Research Council, Bangladesh (Registration Number: 39315022021), and Edinburgh Medical School Research Ethics Committee (EMREC), Edinburgh, UK (REC Reference: 21-EMREC-040). Informed written consent was obtained from the parent or guardian of each child. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent for publication of clinical details and clinical images was obtained from the parents of all participants included in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
