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Article History

Received: 7 July 2025

Accepted: 30 April 2026

First Online: 21 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval of this study was obtained from the Senate Research and Ethics Committee of the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Tanzania with the reference number (DA. 282/298/01.C/1758). Permission for data collection was obtained from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry responsible for local government, regional and district authorities, Heads of health facilities, and community leaders. Written informed consent was obtained individually from each study participant before the commencement of the interview or the discussion. The objective and importance of the study were explained to participants in both the data collection and validation processes, as well as during pilot testing. Participants were encouraged to communicate freely, as their information would only be used for research purposes. They were further informed that their participation was purely voluntary and they could withdraw from the interview or study at any time they wished to do so. Confidentiality of the information shared was also ensured.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.