Dougherty, Kylie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-7709
Kirby, Rebecca P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-7871
Claud, Katerina
Palamountain, Kara M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-9706
Asma, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-9843
Alooh, Millicent https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1433-5046
Kumara, Danica https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4432-8175
Gate, Vince https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0361-8328
Khalid, Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0010-3394
Banda, George https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2085-9696
Peter, Hope David https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9444-1643
Osuagwu, Charles https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3693-7665
Richards-Kortum, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-9467
Oden, Z. Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-0811
Bohne, Christine A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-1324
Hirschhorn, Lisa R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-7437
Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 2 August 2025
Change Date: 15 August 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Missing hyperlinks were inserted in the 'Data availability' declaration.
Declarations
:
: Ethics approvals for the NEST360 program were obtained from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine IRB (21892), and the national health research ethics committees in Malawi (NHSRC 1180), Kenya (Kenya Medical Research Institute: KEMI/SERU/CGMR-C/229/4203, Maseno University Ethics Review Committee: MSU/DRPI/MUERC/00810/19), Tanzania (Ifakara Health Institute: IHI/IRB/No:01–2020, National Institute for Medical Research: NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/3405), and Nigeria (Lagos University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee: ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/3487, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital/Ethics Committee: NHREC/05/01/2008a). The study presented in this paper was deemed program evaluation work and not human subject research, and thus, Northwestern waived the requirement of an IRB review. All team members consented to be interviewed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.