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Authors
Prasarnphanich, Ong-orn
Berger, Carla
Abdikadir, Mohammed Ibrahim
Alfonso-Dilley, Carmen Sofia
Belot, Guillaume
Boniol, Mathieu
Dastanbek kyzy, Kurmanzhan
Dunkle, Stacie
Errecaborde, Kaylee
Fevre, Sonia
Gongal, Gyanendra
Hoejskov, Peter Sousa
Ismayilova, Gunel
Kane, Yaghouba
Laing, Gabrielle
Kayamori Lopes, Jessica
Mahrous, Heba
Muehlen, Marion
Monagin, Corina
Okuthe, Sam
Sherman, David
Scheuermann, Lisa
Song, Junxia
Traore, Tieble
Wannous, Chadia
Xinxo, Ardian
de la Rocque, Stephane
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-18-1-0007)
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Declarations
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: The development of the operational tool involved desk-based review, expert consultations, and pilot testing of materials in countries. These activities were conducted to support operational implementation and did not constitute human or non-human subject research. As such, ethics approval was not required. All individuals involved in the development process participated voluntarily. Members of the technical working group were invited based on their expertise and agreed to be consulted throughout the tool development process. At the country level, participants were nominated by their respective ministries or institutions to attend pilot workshops in alignment with their professional roles and responsibilities. These activities were conducted as part of routine technical collaboration and did not involve research procedures requiring formal informed consent.
: Declaration of consent and release for photograph, video, and/or sound recordings of named and unnamed subjects, as per WHO policies, was received from participants and/or WHO country offices for reports referenced in this article.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
