Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 September 2024

Accepted: 29 September 2025

First Online: 21 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted under a long-term CVD research programme, which undergoes annual ethics approval, most recently approved by the Northern Region B Health and Disability Ethic Committee on 21 October 2022 (2022 EXP 13442). This approval includes a waiver for individual participant consent. The study conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: VS reports funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand (programme and project grants) and the Auckland Medical Research Foundation (project grant).JP has worked on research projects for which her employer received funds from GSK. JP has been paid to present a seminar on behalf of CSL Seqirus. JP has been paid as an advisory board member for Novavax.SH reports funding from the Heart Foundation and Pūtahi Manawa | Healthy Hearts for Aotearoa New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE).KB is Co-Director of Pūtahi Manawa Health Hearts for Aotearoa NZ (CoRE) and reports funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand (project grant).TT has no competing interests to report.SM reports funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand (project grant) and the Auckland Medical Research Foundation (project grant).SA reports funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand (project grants) and the Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Foundation (project grant).MH reports funding from Healthier Lives – He Oranga Hauora – National Science Challenge, the Heart Foundation of New Zealand, the Health Research Council of New Zealand (programme and project grants).CG reports funding from Healthier Lives – He Oranga Hauora – National Science Challenge, the Heart Foundation of New Zealand, the Health Research Council of New Zealand (programme and project grants).