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Authors
Fastenau, Anil
Van Heesewijk, Nena Sophie
Willis, Matthew
Saunderson, Paul
Schlumberger, Fabian
Murtaza, Ali
Iqbal, Muhammed
Salam, Abdul
Unterkircher, Sophie CW.
Treml, Elias
Ortuño-Gutiérrez, Nimer
Hambridge, Thomas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universität Bremen
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Article History
Received: 27 February 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted with the approval and authorization of the National Leprosy Control Program that collects routine leprosy surveillance data analyzed in this study. The leprosy control program in Pakistan is implemented by Marie Adelaide Leprosy Center and Aid to Leprosy Patients. Both organizations have also authorized the use of anonymized aggregated secondary data for retrospective analysis. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of MALC, Karachi in Pakistan. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
