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Article History

Received: 7 July 2025

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The project was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol for both this longitudinal public health demonstration project that involved an integrated health intervention delivered to a cohort residing in three prison facilities in Maputo, Mozambique and an implementation science research project (reported elsewhere) was submitted to both the Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the National Committee on Bioethics for Health (CNBS) of Mozambique for consideration. Approval for the protocol and both projects outlined in it was received from Emory IRB (STUDY00005848) and from CNBS (29/CNBS/2023). We received the approval of the national prison authorities through the Director General of SERNAP to conduct TB-related interventions within the facilities, prior to the application to CNBS for ethical review. Written informed consent from patients of the prison’s health service residing in the institution was not required by the institutional review boards (CNBS and Emory IRB) on account of all the processes described in this paper being considered a part of a public health intervention and not human subjects’ research.

: Not applicable

: ACS declares that she has received grants and subcontracts through her university from the US National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Health through Walls. She has received consulting fees and /or travel support directly from: CanHepC of Canada, Infectious Disease Society of America, St. Joseph's Mercy Care, Health through Walls, Medical Association of Georgia and the World Health Organization. J.C., A.M.N., S.C., and S.V. are employed at Qure.ai, the company that developed the AI software that was deployed in this project. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.