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Authors
Iqbal, Yeshim
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Michael, Duja
Bolisetty, Sneha
Yesmin, Sakila
Mian, Ashraf Uddin
Nyeu, Maung Ting
Lee, Sangyoo
Bowden, A. Brooks
Schwartz, Kate
Chisim, Kuri
Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab
Chowdhury, Sadia Sumaia
Alam, Anika
Behrman, Jere R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
LEGO Foundation
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: All research protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Institute of Health Economics, Dhaka University (an IRB based in Bangladesh; reference number IHE/IRB/DU/49/2022/Final). In addition, this research was approved by the Office of the Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner (RRRC), a necessary approval for all research and service activities conducted by NGOs or international organizations in the Rohingya camps (more information at ).This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, which ensures respect for all individuals, safeguards their health and rights, and promotes ethical standards in research. Participant confidentiality was strictly maintained throughout the research, and all data were anonymized to ensure privacy. All participants were read a consent statement, and verbal consent was obtained (given most participants’ inability to read/write).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
