Wong, Kerry L.M.
Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi
Olubodun, Tope
Gwacham-Anisiobi, Uchenna
Olaniran, Abimbola
Amosu, Abiodun
Ezeanochie, Michael
Harri, Bala
Bako, Babagana
Stanton, Charlotte
Shetty, Shravya
Prasad, Gautam
Amole, Taiwo
Achugo, Daniel
Umar, Aminu
Ogu, Rosemary
Afolabi, Bosede B.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Google Research
Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 6 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethics approval was obtained from the National Health Research and Ethics Committee in Nigeria (NHREC/01/01/2007-11/04/2022) and University of Greenwich Research and Ethics Committee (UREC/21.4.7.8). The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and written informed consent was obtained from all eligible respondents before enrolment. Written informed consent obtained from all respondents before enrolment and administration.
: Not applicable.
: CS, GP, and SS are current employees of Google LLC, which developed the Google Maps Platform. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.