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Authors
El-Osta, Austen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8772-4938
Alaa, Aos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-5092
Al-Ammouri, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6184-6818
Altalib, Sami https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7404-8486
Tristán-López, Agustin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-5390
Majeed, Azeem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-9858
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2026
First Online: 6 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was granted from the NHS Research Ethics Committee (#21IC6950) and the Imperial College London Research Ethics Committee (ICREC #305483). Survey respondents provided consent electronically prior to participation. Data confidentiality and anonymity were maintained throughout the study process. To protect participants’ privacy, all responses were pseudonymised at the point of entry. No personal identifiers, such as IP addresses, were collected and all data were stored on secure, encrypted servers at Imperial College London, in compliance with GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018. Data will be securely archived for a minimum of 10 years following the completion of the study. This study conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
