Desta, Zufan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9266-9877
Birhane, Emiru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8644-5961
Haile, Mitiku https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-5805
Gebregziabher, Dawit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-0530
Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of Mekelle University and approved by the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics Postgraduate Committee (Ref. DARE 4/13, 12/05/2013 E.C.). The purpose of the study was explained to local farmers, and their participation was voluntary with informed consent. All data were anonymized and treated confidentially.
: Not applicable. This study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, audio, or identifiable responses).
: The authors declare no competing interests.