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Authors
Lin, Jionghui
Hegde, Shwetha
Liu, Daochang
Cheng, Ka Wing
Spallek, Heiko
Xu, Chang
Gao, Jinlong
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2024
Accepted: 1 May 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: This project has received an exemption from ethics approval from the University of Sydney Human Ethics office.We have ensured that all data used in the study were handled according to the ethical guidelines and that the imaging data was stored securely in a password protected folder. The extracted teeth used in this project were collected over several years from various sources, including patients at Sydney Dental Hospital (SDH) and a private collection accumulated by a dental student. Patients at SDH sign a waiver permitting the use of extracted teeth for educational and research purposes.
: Our manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data in any form (including individual details, images or videos). Therefore, consent for publication is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
